Matrix heat exchangers and their application in cryogenic systems

The necessity of high effectiveness in a small volume has led to the development of perforated plate matrix heat exchangers (MHE) for cryogenic applications. Although the basic principles have remained the same, the techniques of fabrication and bonding have changed considerably during the last four decades. With the introduction of all metal construction, these exchangers are finding increasing use in cryogenic refrigerators. The mechanism of heat transfer in a matrix heat exchanger is complex. Convection in three different surfaces and conduction in two different directions are coupled together in determining the temperature profiles. While early analyses were based on simple empirical correlations and approximate analytical solutions, they have given way to accurate numerical models. This paper traces the chronological development of the MHE and different methods of fabrication, heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics and design and simulation procedures.